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Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: facts and hopes from clinical and translational perspectives

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 551-573 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0928-z

摘要： Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bone metastasis (BM) suffer from greatly reduced life quality and a dismal prognosis. However, BM in HCC has long been overlooked possibly due to its relatively low prevalence in previous decades. To date, no consensus or guidelines have been reached or formulated for the prevention and management of HCC BM. Our narrative review manifests the increasing incidence of HCC BM to sound the alarm for additional attention. The risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches of HCC BM are detailed to provide a panoramic view of this disease to clinicians and specialists. We further delineate an informative cancer bone metastatic cascade based on evidence from recent studies and point out the main factors responsible for the tumor-associated disruption of bone homeostasis and the formation of skeletal cancer lesions. We also present the advances in the pathological and molecular mechanisms of HCC BM to shed light on translational opportunities. Dilemmas and challenges in the treatment and investigation of HCC BM are outlined and discussed to encourage further endeavors in the exploration of underlying pathogenic and molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel effective therapies for HCC patients with BM.

关键词： HCC bone osteotropism clinical basic researches advances

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Firm Innovation Systems: Perspectives of Researches on State-owned Key Enterprises

Jin Chen,Shu-fang Huang,Qing-rui Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 64-70 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015017

摘要： Based on the origin of the innovation theory and the technological innovation models of Rothwell, this paper puts forward four-generations of evolutionary models using the firm innovation system: “Internal R&D-Oriented Innovation System”, “Internal and External Collaborative Innovation System”, “Highly Strategic-Oriented Innovation System” and “Ecological Innovation System”. This paper dwells on the characteristics and relationship between each innovation system, and the role in the enterprise innovation especially the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the design and improvement of the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation system.

关键词： firm innovation system state-owned key enterprises ecology evolution

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The summary of researches on ADS in China

XIA Haihong, ZHAO Zhixiang, LI Jigen, SHI Yongqian, HAN Yinlu, ZHU Shengyun, XU Yongli, GUAN Xialing, CUI Baoqun, FU Shinian

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 135-140 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0017-7

摘要： The conceptual study on the accelerator driven system (ADS) that lasted for about five years ended in 1999 in China. As one project of the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) in the energy domain, which is sponsored by the China Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), a five-year-program of fundamental research of ADS physics and related technology was launched in 2000 and passed national review at the end of 2005. The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics in Peking University (PKU-IHIP) and other institutions jointly carried out the research. The research activities were focused on HPPA physics and technology, reactor physics of external source driven sub-critical assembly, nuclear data base and material study. For HPPA, a high current injector consisting of an ECR ion source, LEBT and an RFQ accelerating structure of 3.5 MeV was built. In reactor physics study, a series of neutron multiplication experimental study has been carried out and still being done. The VENUS facility has been constructed as the basic experimental platform for neutronics study in ADS blanket. It s a zero power sub-critical neutron multiplying assembly driven by external neutron produced by a pulsed neutron generator. The theoretical, experimental and simulation study on nuclear data, material properties and nuclear fuel circulation related to ADS is carrying on to provide the database for ADS system analysis. The main results on ADS related researches will be reported.

关键词： accelerator national multiplying assembly sub-critical assembly simulation

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军事通信抗干扰工程发展策略研究及建议

姚富强

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第5期页码 24-29

摘要：

在阐述军事通信抗干扰装备的覆盖范围和分析外军通信抗干扰发展趋势的基础上，结合我军正在进行的新军事变革和信息化建设，重点研究了我军通信抗干扰工程发展策略的有关问题，并提出了一些初步的建议。

关键词：军事通信抗干扰电子防御

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Economic Growth Model Based on Six Basic Factors of Production—Xu Growth Rate Equation

Shou-bo Xu,Zong-yuan Huang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 160-175 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014024

摘要： This paper proposes an economic growth model based on the Six Basic Factors of Production and Xu Growth Rate Equation for the first time, which fills-in the deficits of the New Classical Economic Growth Model based on the Solow Model. The empirical analysis indicates that over the past three decades, the consumption of six basic factors of production had complicated relations with economic growth. In some years, the consumption rate of the basic factors of production was meager, but the economy witnessed relatively rocketing growth rate; in some years, the factors of production consumption rate was very high, but the economy growth rate slowed down. In general, economy grows at the expenses of huge consumption of four factors. There is an obvious characteristic of huge input and low efficiency. The average contribution rate of technological advance peaks in the middle, while it drops down at two ends. Noticeably, since 2004, the technology contribution rate generally shows a downward trend, reasons of which should be explored systematically in aspects like economic policy and industry structure with a view to boost further transformation of the macro-economy scientific growth model.

关键词： six basic factors of production economic growth model Xu Growth Rate Equation

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Ultrasonic emulsification: basic characteristics, cavitation, mechanism, devices and application

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1560-1583 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2160-4

摘要： Emulsion systems are widely applied in agriculture, food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. Ultrasound has attracted much attention in emulsion preparation, especially for nanoemulsion, due to its advantages of being eco-friendly, cost-effective and energy-efficient. This review provides an overview for readers to the area of ultrasonic emulsification technology. It briefly introduces and summarizes knowledge of ultrasonic emulsification, including emulsion characteristics, acoustic cavitation, emulsification mechanism, ultrasonic devices and applications. The combination of microfluidics and ultrasound is highlighted with huge advantages in controlling cavitation phenomena and emulsification intensification. A novel scale of dμ_C^0.6/μ_D^0.33−E_V is proposed to be able to compare the energy efficiency of emulsion preparation in different devices.

关键词： nanoemulsion ultrasound microreactor multiphase energy

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中微子研究新进展

黄志洵

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第10期页码 90-93

摘要：

自从前苏联的V. Lubimov（1980年）和瑞士苏黎世大学的W. Kundig（1986年）发表了关于中微子质量的研究以来，进一步的工作已在日本等国展开；现在有一批实验室在进行中微子研究。文章论述了两个关键问题，即光子与中微子的相似性和令人感兴趣的超光速中微子理论。

关键词：中微子超光速快子光子

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Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 123-128 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0366-7

摘要：

Guidelines for the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination have defined a detailed standard for medical professionals, particularly anesthesiologists, on how a TEE exam should proceed. Over the years, TEE has gained substantial popularity and emerged as a preferred monitoring modality to aid in perioperative management and decision making during hemodynamic instability situations or critical care settings. TEE training pathways and practice guidelines have been well established in western countries and many regions of the world. However, TEE training and practice information for anesthesiologists are lacking in China. As innovative technologies develop, other educational models have emerged to aid in obtaining competency in basic TEE exam. Hence, establishing a consensus on the ideal TEE training approach for anesthesiologists in China is urgently needed. Developing an effective curriculum that can be incorporated into an anesthesiology resident’s overall training is also necessary to provide knowledge and skills toward competency in basic TEE exam. With evolving medical system reforms and increasing demands for intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring to accommodate surgical innovations, anesthesiology professionals are increasingly obliged to perform intraoperative TEE exams in their current and future practices. To overcome obstacles and achieve significant progress in using the TEE modality to help in intraoperative management and surgical decision making, publishing basic TEE training guidelines for China’s anesthesiologists is an important endeavor.

关键词： transesophageal echocardiography guidelines training competency

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加速器驱动次临界系统（ADS）与核能可持续发展

赵志祥,夏海鸿

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 66-72

摘要：

核废物最少化是核裂变能可持续发展的关键问题。加速器驱动次临界系统（ADS）是一种高效的核废物嬗变器（或焚烧炉），是解决核废物的关键技术。文章主要介绍了ADS的基本原理及其对先进加速器、先进冷却性技术等方面的带动作用，并对各国ADS的研究现状进行了比较，最后提出了ADS发展必须解决的关键问题及其与国内核能发展的关系。

关键词：核能 ADS 嬗变

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Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the basic pulse tube refrigerator

DING Wenjing, GONG Liang, HE Yaling, TAO Wenquan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 48-53 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0008-3

摘要： A three-dimensional physical and numerical model of the basic pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) was developed. The compressible and oscillating fluid flow and heat transfer phenomenon in the pulse tube were numerically investigated using a self-developed code. Some cross-section average parameter variations such as velocity, temperature and pressure wave during one cycle were revealed. The variations of velocity and temperature distributions in the pulse tube were also analyzed in detail for further understanding of the working process and refrigeration mechanism of PTRs.

关键词： refrigeration mechanism three-dimensional compressible numerical understanding

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可拓学基础理论研究的新进展

蔡文,杨春燕,何斌

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 80-87

摘要：

简要介绍近年可拓学研究在基础理论方面的新进展，包括可拓学的框架、基元理论、可拓集合理论和可拓逻辑等所取得的成果。

关键词：可拓学基元可拓集合可拓逻辑

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我国关键基础材料发展现状及展望

屠海令,李腾飞,马飞

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 125-135 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.018

摘要：

关键基础材料作为工业“四基”的重要组成部分，是我国制造业赖以发展的关键，对国民经济、国防军工建设起着重要的支撑和保障作用。本文概述国内外关键基础材料的发展现状，归纳存在的问题，提出其进一步发展的政策建议。

关键词：关键基础材料发展现状政策建议

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Several basic problems in plastic theory of geomaterials

Yuanxue LIU, Jiawu ZHOU, Zhongyou LI, Chen CHEN, Yingren ZHENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 81-84 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0016-3

摘要： Based on the basic mechanical properties of geomaterials, it was proven that the Drucker Postulate and the classical theory of plasticity can not be applied to geomaterials. Moreover, several basic problems of plastic theory of geomaterials were discussed. Based on the strict theoretical analysis, the following have been proven: the single yield surface model based on the classical theory of plasticity is unsuitable for geomaterials whether the rule of associated flow is applied or not; the yield surface of geomaterials is not unique, and its number is the same as the freedoms of plastic strain increment; the yield surface is not convex; and the rule of associated flow is unsuitable for geomaterials.

关键词： constitutive relation geomaterials classial plastic theory Drucker Postulate yield surface flow rule

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分类支持基础研究促进全链条颠覆性技术创新

张慧琴,平婧,孙昌璞

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 24-26 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.004

摘要：

近年来，我国在科技领域取得了巨大的进步，但明显存在关键技术的“卡脖子”问题。为了有效地推动我国科学技术源头创新，从根本上解决“卡脖子”问题，必须回归基础研究。为探究基础研究催生颠覆性技术，本文阐述了基础研究的内涵，并根据基础研究面向的目标，将基础研究分为四大类型：面向重大科学目标的基础研究、国家需求牵引的基础研究、以人才为本的自由探索型基础研究和以实际应用为目标的基础研究；在分析各类型基础研究特点及发展需求的基础上，提出实施差异化的稳定支持、促进全链条颠覆性技术创新的发展建议。

关键词：基础研究颠覆性技术分类支持

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我国电站仿真技术进展与建模理论研究

吕崇德,范永胜,蔡瑞忠

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 99-103

摘要：

对我国电站仿真技术的发展过程与建模理论的研究进行了论述和分析，重点阐述了20年来火电机组仿真技术从科学研究到产业化和使我国火电仿真机数量上跃居世界第一位、质量上达到世界先进水平的进展过程，给出了我国电力仿真机的分布情况；综述了我国电站系统仿真的核心技术——热工对象的建模理论和技术的研究状况，分析了集总参数模型、分布参数模型和高精度集总参数动态修正模型等不同的建模方法应用于不同的仿真对象和仿真目的。

关键词：系统仿真建模电力